Poisonous Plants to Watch Out for While Hiking

When you consider the dangers you may potentially face on a hike, an unlikely bear encounter might come to mind. But the most significant risk to be aware of lurks along the ground: poisonous plants. The most commonly known to avoid are poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac.  But there are a few other plants that also grow wild and coming into contact with them can mean the difference between an energizing encounter in the great outdoors, or some very unpleasant itchy rashes and blisters—or even a trip to the emergency room.

Hemlock is deceptively pretty with beautiful white flowers, but every part of it is dangerous to handle or ingest. It blooms in the summer and grows in most parts of the USA, especially in forest clearings and along hiking trails. It is also commonly found in backyards and can be very harmful if thrown in the burn barrel with other weeds and you inhale the smoke!

Stinging nettle can be found all over most of the USA. Its leaves are toothed, have a distinctive texture, and are covered with stinging hairs that can cause a bad rash.

Hemlock

Manchineel

Manchineel is called “death apple” or “poison guava” because its sweet smelling fruit is often confused with apples. It even tastes good—that is, until the burning sensation sets in. Every part of this plant is extremely poisonous and even standing underneath the tree for very long should be avoided. Its mostly found along the Gulf of Mexico, especially in Florida.

Giant hogweed can grow up to 15 feet tall and has umbrella-shaped clusters of white flowers. When touched, this plant causes painful blisters or burns and is highly toxic if ingested. You’ll likely find it growing  in northern states along creeks and in meadows.

Pokeweed is a widespread invasive weed that grows in the southern US. Juice from the berries can cause skin irritations and rashes, yet the young spring leaves are considered a delicacy. It’s best to leave that “treat” to experienced foragers.

Although there is no tell-tale sign that a plant is poisonous, there are a few standard signs that can help you identify potentially toxic plants. Avoid anything with:

• Milky sap
• Naturally shiny leaves
• Plants that have yellow or white berries
• Umbrella shaped plants

Pokeweed

If you’re planning a hike, some basic protections can go a long way toward reducing exposure to all of these poisonous plants. First, stay on marked paths, which also helps with forest conservation. Long sleeves, pants, washable leg gaiters, and boots can protect against the sap and oils coming into contact with your skin. Upon returning home, you should wash yourself, your clothing, and any pets with soap and water. Oils can stay on clothing or pet hair and cause a reaction. Cleaning can remove plant oil before it causes a bad reaction or rash.

Most people don’t realize they have been exposed to a poisonous plant until a red rash appears on the impacted area a few days after a hike. At that point, antihistamines, lotions, or creams to relieve symptoms are the best course of treatment.  Seek medical attention if symptoms become severe or long-lasting (high temperature, difficulty breathing, skin blisters or rashes that don’t heal).